The Impact of Rhinovirus, Syncytial Respiratory Virus and Helminth Infection on the Risk of New‐Onset Asthma and Other Allergic Conditions—A Systematic Review for the <scp>EAACI</scp> Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergic Diseases and Asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This systematic review evaluated the association between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infancy with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV) or infestation with helminths and the risk of developing asthma and allergic diseases. The risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS‐E, and the certainty of evidence (CoE) with GRADE. Meta‐analysis applied a random‐effects model. RSV LRTI is likely associated with an increased risk of developing asthma by age 7 (OR 3.02, 95% CI 2.23–4.09; I 2 = 98%; moderate CoE). The impact on wheezing, atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis is uncertain. RV LRTI may be associated with increased risk of developing asthma (OR 8.40, 95% CI 2.56–27.55; I 2 = 43%; low CoE). The impact on wheezing and AD is uncertain. Trichuris trichiura infestation might be associated with reduced risk of new‐onset wheezing (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.94; very low CoE) or AD (HR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.67; very low CoE). The association between Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infestation and the risk of developing asthma or AD is uncertain. Infestation with any helminths might be associated with reduced risk of new‐onset asthma by age 5 (OR: 0.60, 95% CI 0.38–0.95; very low CoE) and wheezing (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.95; very low CoE). More high‐quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".