Psychoneuroimmunological Evidence for Biological Embedding During Early Adolescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of vulnerability wherein stress can become biologically embedded in ways that impact long-term trajectories of mental and physical health. In particular, stressors are transduced into physiological changes via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in ways that can impact both physical and mental health. However, there continues to be uncertainty regarding how to best differentiate and understand well-regulated HPA axis reactivity to stress from dysregulated HPA axis reactivity. One promising approach involves examining multiple biomarkers; indeed, there is evidence that dysregulation of the HPA axis profoundly influences the regulation of the immune system. A cohort of adolescent youth was followed across two ubiquitous stressors-the transition to high school and the COVID-19 pandemic. Nuanced longitudinal associations between HPA axis activity (i.e., cortisol) and immune system activity (i.e., panel of inflammatory markers) were examined. Findings provide evidence of biological specificity wherein HPA axis hyperactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with elevated levels of an empirically derived inflammatory composite, which may be driven by elevations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and c-reactive protein. The current work advances the literature on allostatic load and the glucocorticoid-resistance model in youth. By extending our current understanding of how stress influences adolescent well-being, it also has important implications for mental and physical health prevention and intervention efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".