The Impact of Aquatic Physiotherapy on the Motor Development of 5-Month-Old Infants: Parental Knowledge, Expectations, and Experiences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Early motor development is one of the most critical and intensive stages in a human’s life, significantly influenced by parents’ age, education, and knowledge. Aim. To assess parents’ knowledge of infant developmental milestones, their expectations and experiences with aquatic physiotherapy, and the effect of aquatic physiotherapy on the rolling function of five-month-old infants. Methods. An anonymous 18-question survey was used to assess the knowledge and expectations of parents (n = 65) regarding infant development, the benefits and perceived need for aquatic physiotherapy. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale was used to evaluate the motor skills of infants (n = 33). Results. Parents with higher education, older age, or more children had more knowledge about infant motor development compared to younger, less-educated parents or those with fewer children. The older the parents, the more they emphasised the importance of motor development and the more likely they were to choose aquatic physiotherapy for their infants. Parents of older infants more often observed improved muscle tone and trunk control, while those with higher education more frequently noticed better social development in their child. The rolling-to-prone function of five-month-old infants who participated in aquatic physiotherapy was rated better compared to those who did not attend such sessions. Conclusions. Older parental age, higher education level, and a larger number of children in the family are statistically significantly associated with better parental knowledge about infant motor development. Compared to younger parents, older parents more often emphasise the importance of motor development and are more likely to choose aquatic physiotherapy to support it. Parents with higher education more frequently observe positive changes in their infant’s social development. Parents of older infants are more likely to report improvements in muscle tone and trunk control following aquatic physiotherapy sessions. Aquatic physiotherapy is associated with improved rolling function in infants. Keywords: infants; motor development; aquatic physiotherapy; parental knowledge
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".