High-Efficiency Broadband Grating Out-Coupler for Thick Silicon Waveguides with a Tuned SiGe Layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We design a novel grating out-coupler while maintaining a Gaussian-shaped far-field output. The approach is based on the patterning of a grating in a SiGe layeron the top surface of a 3-µm-thick Si waveguide. The grating aims at coupling the guided signal into a beam vertically out from the surface of the chip, i.e., out-coupling. The use of a high refractive index alloy, i.e., silicon-germanium, allows a tunability of the effective index of the guided mode and to modify the field distribution enabling a higher efficiency of the grating. It yields a theoretical efficiency of 75% at the central wavelength of 1583 nm. The overall length of this grating coupler is 500 µm, and the output light is detected at 1 m above the grating. This type of long grating coupler is intended to be eventually used as sensor in LiDAR (Light detection and ranging) applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".