Evaluation of sleeve friction measurement in soft soils using rate interface tests under different boundary conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sleeve friction (fs) measurements in soft organic soils are influenced by interface rate dependency and large-deformation shearing. The evaluation of fs measurement during piezocone soundings (CPTu) is done with rate-dependent interface shear tests conducted under different boundary and drainage conditions. Contact behaviour between soft soil and smooth steel was investigated in ring shear apparatus, and direct shear box device with pore water pressure measurement. In undrained regime, the peak interface shear strength under constant height (CH) and constant normal load (CNL) conditions are coherent, whereas the residual interface undrained shear strength under CNL mode is approximately two times higher than under CH mode. It is demonstrated that normally consolidated soft soil–steel interface exhibits negative viscous behaviour. The fs variability is primarily influenced by the interface boundary conditions. It was observed that the fs measurements fall within interface shear strength measured under CNL and CH conditions, exhibiting a tendency leaning towards CNL mode. The CH condition is barely meet in CPTu sounding. The widely held assumption that fs is equal to the remoulded undrained shear strength is merely coincidental. The presented research provides further insights into soft soil–smooth steel interface behaviour and enhances the CPTu data interpretation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".