Kaposi Sarcoma Presenting as Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy: A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a mesenchymal vascular tumor caused by human gammaherpesvirus 8. Kaposi sarcoma is typically associated with immunocompromise and HIV, and has a classical form seen in elderly men of Mediterranean or Eastern European ethnic origin. We herein present an atypical case of Kaposi sarcoma presenting as retroperitoneal adenopathy in an immunocompetent, non-Mediterranean patient. Case Presentation: A previously healthy 53-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain and was found to have isolated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy on abdominal imaging, later confirmed to be Kaposi sarcoma on biopsy. The patient presented without typical cutaneous findings of Kaposi sarcoma or any risk factors for the disease, including HIV, immunocompromise, or Mediterranean descent. The patient was referred to medical oncology and has had spontaneous regression of adenopathy in the absence of any treatment. Conclusion: Our review of the case and of the literature demonstrates the many atypical ways in which KS can present. Our case highlights the importance of considering KS in the differential diagnosis for visceral lymphadenopathy in the absence of solid tumor pathology. Lastly, our case brings to light the variable clinical course of KS, which can range from minimal to explosive growth to spontaneous regression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".