Functionalisation of Lignin-Derived Diols for the Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes and Polyester Resins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
-cresol, catechol, syringol, syringaldehyde, and vanillin) for the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs) and polyester (PE) resins is herein described. Diols were synthesised from phenolics in a one-step reaction using either glycerol carbonate or ethylene carbonate as a greener, solvent-free synthetic route. Nine of the diols were selected for the synthesis of Pus, and two of the diols were used for the synthesis of PE resins, with their physical and thermal properties characterised. Analysis of the PUs by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed their amorphous nature, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested improved thermal stability for all PUs with the addition of an alkyl or aldehyde substituent on the benzene ring regardless of the diisocyanate used. However, lower PU thermal stabilities were observed with the use of an aliphatic diisocyanate over an aromatic diisocyanate in the absence of an additional substituent. Analysis of the PEs by DSC also confirmed that the clear resins were all amorphous, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed significantly higher molecular weights and dispersities when an aliphatic diacid was utilised over an aromatic diacid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".