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Record W4411364123 · doi:10.46747/cfp.20250616001

Hypertension Canada guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in adults in primary care

2025· review· en· W4411364123 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Rémi Goupil, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Nancy Santesso, Kristin A Terenzi, Jeffrey Habert, Gemma Cheng, Stephanie C. Gysel, Jill Bruneau, Alexander A. C. Leung, Norman R.C. Campbell, Ernesto L. Schiffrin, Gregory L. Hundemer

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Family Physician · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Canadian institutionsOttawa HospitalLibin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaSouth Health CampusMemorial University of NewfoundlandMcGill UniversityUniversity of TorontoMcMaster UniversityMcGill University Health CentreUniversity of AlbertaHôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal
FundersObesity CanadaCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchGlaxoSmithKlineHypertension CanadaH. Lundbeck A/SNovo NordiskEisaiMemorial University of NewfoundlandPfizerModernaDiabetes CanadaCumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCanadian Cardiovascular SocietyUniversité de MontréalPfizer CanadaAmgen CanadaHeart and Stroke Foundation of CanadaIdorsia PharmaceuticalsCanadian Council of Cardiovascular NursesKidney Foundation of CanadaSanofiOttawa Hospital Research InstituteAmgenCanadian Society of NephrologyEli Lilly and CompanyAstraZenecaAlberta Health ServicesCanadian Medical Association
KeywordsGuidelinePrimary careMedicineFamily medicineIntensive care medicinePathology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Canada has historically been among the world's leaders in hypertension care, but hypertension treatment and control rates have regressed in recent years. This guideline is intended to provide pragmatic primary care-focused recommendations to improve hypertension management in adults at the population level. METHODS: We employed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and ADAPTE frameworks in accordance with Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) quality and reporting standards to develop recommendations on managing hypertension for adults aged 18 years and older. We used the HEARTS framework-a model of care developed by the World Health Organization to improve hypertension control and reduce cardiovascular burden-to integrate these recommendations into streamlined, pragmatic, and evidence-based algorithms. The guideline committee predominantly comprised primary care providers and also included patient, methodology, and hypertension specialist representatives. Our process for managing competing interests adhered to Guidelines International Network principles. RECOMMENDATIONS: The 9 recommendations for managing hypertension in adults are grouped under the categories of diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic recommendations include a standardized approach to measuring blood pressure (BP) and confirming hypertension, as well as providing a uniform definition for hypertension of BP ≥130/80 mm Hg. Treatment recommendations include targeting a systolic BP <130 mm Hg, implementing healthy lifestyle changes, and providing stepwise guidance on optimal medication choices for patients requiring pharmacotherapy. INTERPRETATION: Our aim is to enhance the standard of hypertension care in the Canadian primary care setting. Accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment of hypertension can reduce adverse cardiovascular events and risk of death.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.949
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.275
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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