Compressive Sponge Electrodes Enabled Highly Sensitive Hybrid-Iontronic Pressure Sensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most iontronic pressure sensors with planar metallic electrodes exhibit significant performance degradation in the medium to high-pressure range. To achieve high sensitivity in a broad sensing range, compressive porous electrodes (CPE) were employed to fabricate an ultrasensitive hybrid-iontronic pressure sensor. The sensor demonstrates an ultrahigh sensitivity of 198,160 kPa −1, a pressure resolution of 4.9 Pa, and a broad sensing range extending up to 160 kPa. Notably, the sensor maintains a nearly linear relationship between sensitivity and pressure within the sensing range of 37.5–92.5 kPa. This approach addresses the issue of significantly attenuated sensitivity across a broad pressure range, which arises from the limited thickness variation of planar electrodes. This composite structure, which integrates CPE with ion-loaded PU foam, offers a straightforward, cost-effective, and scalable method for producing ultrasensitive iontronic pressure sensors. The concept demonstration confirmed that CPE-based pressure sensors are capable of sensitively detecting subtle underwater mechanical stimuli, including vibrations and water waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".