Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the associations between cognitive functions and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in children and adolescents. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in three databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria of the studies were (i) population: healthy children or adolescents; (ii) exposure: adherence to the MedDiet; (iii) outcomes: cognitive performance; and (iv) study design: observational studies only. The quality of the studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: This systematic review included 12 cross-sectional, observational studies including a total of 6378 children aged 4-17 years from different countries, analyzing diet characteristics and cognitive functions. The quality of the studies was high (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale mean score = 7.42). Positive associations were found between adherence to the MedDiet and multiple cognitive functions: memory, attention, creativity, language skills, and executive functions. However, the wide variety of instruments assessing the adherence to the MedDiet and cognitive functions did not allow us to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: he MedDiet should be further considered and promoted among children and adolescents, as it shows promise as a dietary pattern that may support cognitive development in youth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".