Multicenter clinical trial for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with a non-permanent orthodontic intraoral device in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a non-permanent orthodontic oral appliance intermittently worn in reducing the signs and symptoms of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A non-randomized interventional pre-post study was conducted in 2018–2021 with up to 24-month follow-up at five US and Canadian sites. Participants were 55 enrolled OSA-diagnosed children, fit with a customized device worn in the evening and while sleeping to provide slow maxillary expansion. Participants were assessed for treatment efficacy by three co-primary endpoints, the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and intermolar width; and two secondary endpoints, the PSQ Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders (SRBD) subscale scores and airway volume by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Forty-seven participants were included in the analytic dataset following trial completion after 12–24 months. PSQ symptom scores decreased 31.0% with a posttreatment-pretreatment difference score mean±SE and 95% CI of −0.13 ± 0.019 [−0.17, −0.09]; AHI decreased 29.3% (−3.47±1.015 [−5.52, −1.42]). All participants showed an intermolar width increase, averaging 13.0% (4.03 ± 0.421 [3.18, 4.88]). PSQ SRBD subscale scores decreased 57.8% (−0.178 ± 0.031 [−0.24, −0.12]). Airway volume by CBCT scans increased 67.8% (4053.78 ± 885.433 mm 3 [2265.62, 5841.95]). There were no safety concerns. Conclusion : Participants showed objective and subjective OSA improvement, and all demonstrated maxillary expansion. Seventy-nine percent of participants showed AHI improvement, with 61.7% improving by 50% or more, and 17% resolved their OSA. Seventy-seven percent with moderate or severe OSA improved by 50%, while 93% with severe OSA achieved this milestone. This is the first study demonstrating that slow maxillary expansion by this device is safe and efficacious in treating children with OSA. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05661747 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05661747 ) Registered: December 14, 2022, retrospectively registered. What Is Known: • Adenotonsillectomy is the primary treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but is invasive and has proximal and long-term risks. Secondary treatments include rapid maxillary expansion that has numerous adverse effects due to its 24/7 use and treatment speed, and positive airway pressure that is limited by patient intolerance and nonadherence. What Is New: • This oral appliance is the first one FDA cleared for OSA treatment in children, and this study showed that slow maxillary expansion by this device was safe and efficacious for treating pediatric OSA. It is also the only pediatric non-permanent orthodontic device that is removable and intermittently worn to treat OSA. Graphical Abstract
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".