Link of the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasian pattern to the Southern Annular Mode variability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasian pattern (WACE) is a pair of opposing surface air temperature anomalies over the polar region and the midlatitude Eurasian continent, which is usually associated with Arctic Sea ice melt and midlatitude extreme weather. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we show evidence of an inter-hemispheric connection between SAM and WACE during boreal winter. A positive SAM leads to a negative WACE (and vice versa) 30–40 days later. This lagged remote influence of SAM is transmitted via a Rossby wave that crosses the equator in the eastern Pacific and tropical Atlantic. The ensuing WACE temperature pattern is then amplified by the greenhouse effect associated with the local humidity response. SAM also leads to a convection anomaly in the equatorial Atlantic which generates a Northern Hemisphere Rossby wave that reinforces WACE. The link between SAM and WACE revealed here indicates a dynamical origin for WACE. This long-distance teleconnection, and the lagged association between SAM and WACE may be relevant for subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".