Microstructural alterations of the trigeminal ganglion in chronic ocular surface pain patients: A diffusion MRI study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Noxious stimuli to the ocular surface are encoded by sensory axons of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and conveyed through the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1). We hypothesized that chronic ocular surface pain (COSP) may be associated with microstructural alterations of the trigeminal nerve structures. Our objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of using diffusion tractography to identify and analyze diffusion properties to assess TG microstructure in individuals with and without COSP. Forty COSP patients (27 males and 13 females; mean age: 56.2 ± 11.9 yrs; range: 34-77 yrs) and 17 controls without pain (15 males and 2 females; mean age: 55.4 ± 8.9 yrs, range: 37-66 yrs) were included in the study. Using 3T diffusion MRI (dMRI), we performed tractography to reconstruct TG and CN V1 with a generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) algorithm. dMRI-based indices such as normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were recorded for the right and left TG. TG (n = 45) were successfully reconstructed. Fourteen participants (11 COSP, 3 controls) were excluded because TG could not be clearly visualized. A significant decrease in NQA (p = 0.03), MD (p = 0.04) and RD (p = 0.04) were found in the left TG, but not in the right TG (p = 0.40; p = 0.58; p = 0.64 respectively), in the COSP group as compared to controls. Decrease in these metrics are generally interpreted as indicators of axonal loss and fiber integrity, suggesting the presence of fiber damage in the left TG of patients with COSP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".