Incidence of Stroke in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). METHODS: A systematic review was performed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all studies reporting the incidence of stroke and TIA in ACHD. Two independent reviewers screened studies, which were included if patients were of age 16 years or older with congenital heart disease and if the outcome was stroke or TIA. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled incidence rate of stroke and TIA with 95% CIs. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Risk of Bias was applied. This systematic review is registered (CRD42022322144). RESULTS: : 98%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis describes the incidence rate of stroke and TIA in the ACHD population. High-quality studies are needed to identify which ACHD patients are at the highest risk and to develop effective strategies for primary stroke prevention in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".