HYDROPONICS SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: A REVIEW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydroponics is a technique of growing the plants in water with nutrient rich solution.Large number of crops and plants or vegetables can be grown by this system.Hydroponic system is gaining popularity because of high and quality food production with efficient nutrient management.The products grown in this system has higher nutritive content, taste, yield and quality than the traditional based farming.This system is ecofriendly, cost effective and disease free, which is popular throughout world both in developed and the developing countries.Due to increase in global warming, industrialization and urbanization, traditional farming or soil cultivation is facing problems.Unpredictable climatic conditions viz., change in temperature, drought, flood, natural disaster and indiscriminate use of pesticide leads depletion of soil fertility and quality.Various types of hydroponics systems were defined in this review paper, with their advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges.In this system, management EC and pH of nutrient solution are need to handle successfully.Nutrient film technique has been used on large scale, with 70 to 90% savings of water and successful production of leafy as well as other vegetables.Canada, Israel, Netherland, Australia, England, France, Israel and USA are leading countries in hydroponic technique.So, we need to develop cost effective system which is easy to operate, require less labour, lower initial cost and overall setup cost.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".