Lemna minor as a phytoremediator of cobalt nanoparticles: Insights into toxicity and remediation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extensive use of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in industrial and biomedical applications has raised environmental concerns, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study examines the phytotoxicity and phytoremediation potential of CoNPs using Lemna minor L., a recognized Co-hyperaccumulator. CoNPs exhibited significant sublethal toxicity at concentrations ≥1000 μg Co 2+ /L, leading to oxidative stress and impaired growth, photosynthesis, and respiration. Despite these challenges, L. minor effectively removed over 99 % of CoNPs from the medium, even at high concentrations (up to 20.000 μg Co 2+ /L), with gravimetric cobalt concentrations reaching 1771 μg Co 2+ /g dry weight in plant tissues. Physiological responses to CoNPs were similar to those induced by equivalent concentrations of CoCl 2 , suggesting that CoNPs dissolve into Co 2+ ions upon interaction with plants. However, ultrastructural analysis revealed distinct intracellular cobalt localization with CoNPs causing more severe chloroplast damage than ionic Co 2+ . These findings suggest two toxicity mechanisms: ionic effects from dissolved Co 2+ and direct physical damage from intact nanoparticles. The resilience and hyperaccumulation capacity of L. minor makes it a promising candidate for the phytoremediation of cobalt-contaminated waters. The study underscores the importance of further research to elucidate CoNP environmental behavior and optimize phytoremediation approaches.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".