Electrospinning of Miscanthus x giganteus Organosolv Lignin in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrospinning is a simple technique to produce fibers with small diameters. These fibers can be made from different polymers, but the focus is now on biobased materials. In this work, the lignin obtained from Miscanthus x giganteus, an herbaceous plant, was isolated by an Organosolv process leading to a high purity (90%), which is essential for its electrospinning. This lignin also had a carbon content of 72.2% with 24.8% oxygen and a low nitrogen content (1%). The isolated lignin was then solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Finally, an optimization step showed that a stable process was possible using a 62% lignin solution in DMSO with a needle-to-collector distance of 20 cm, a flow rate of 0.3 mL/h, a voltage of 25 kV, and a humidity of 35%. Nevertheless, lignin concentrations between 55 and 63% were studied to determine the effect of this parameter on the final fibers. A morphological analysis (SEM-EDX) enabled us to understand both the evolution of the diameter and the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the electrospun fibers. This study showed that electrospinning of the lignin obtained from Miscanthus x giganteus was possible, even without any additives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".