PTAA/Perovskite Contact-Area Reduced Solar Modules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in ambient air is important toward widespread industrial adoption. While spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs perform well, they lack long-term stability, and alternative hole transport layers often trade efficiency for durability. Here we report high molecular weight poly(triarylamine) (HMW PTAA)-based PSCs fabricated in ambient air using scalable techniques, achieving 23.7% efficiency for 0.049 cm 2 solar cells and 22.2% for 10.23 cm 2 mini-modules, representing, to our knowledge, the highest values reported for scalable n-i-p PTAA-based perovskite photovoltaics made in ambient conditions. The HMW PTAA spontaneously forms a contact-area-reduced (CAR) interface with perovskite, enhancing charge collection and suppressing recombination. Despite reduced adhesion, the CAR interface improves PSC stability; devices retain 83% of their efficiency after 1000 h of operation at maximum power point at 55 ± 5 °C, and 77% after 1100 h of thermal stress at 85 °C. We attribute this resilience to strain-relieving interfacial voids created by the CAR interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".