Hamartomas of the alimentary tract in dogs: A case series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hamartomas are benign proliferations of disorganized tissues normally present in a given site. This study aimed to characterize histopathological features of alimentary tract hamartomas in dogs, focusing on their classification and diagnostic methods. Samples collected from 2 veterinary archives were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT), Gomori, and Luxol fast blue stains. Immunohistochemistry was performed for α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), neurofilament, GFAP, neuron-specific enolase, von Willebrand factor, and c-kit. Sixteen hamartomas were identified: 6 neuromuscular and vascular hamartomas, 9 neurovascular hamartomas, and 1 vascular hamartoma. Locations included the oral cavity (6/16) and the gastrointestinal tract (10/16). Most dogs were mixed breeds (8/16) with a median age of 10.5 years. These findings suggest that hamartomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral and gastrointestinal masses in dogs. For accurate classification and diagnosis, MT in combination with α-SMA and neurofilament immunohistochemistry is recommended, in addition to routine HE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".