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Direct Radiation Belt Injections and their Auroral Counterparts

2025· preprint· en· W4411448905 on OpenAlex
Kareem Sorathia, Mykhaylo Shumko, J. Liang, H. J. P. Arnold, G. Sinha, V. G. Merkin, Anthony Sciola, Adam Michael, Dong Lin, Shaowu Bao, Yudi Pan, Jeffrey Garretson, David D. Turner, A. Y. Ukhorskiy

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicVacuum and Plasma Arcs
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
FundersNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationGoddard Space Flight CenterCanadian Space AgencyNuclear Safety and Security CommissionNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsRadiationVan Allen radiation beltGeodesyGeologyPhysicsOpticsNuclear physicsMagnetospherePlasma

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We analyze an abrupt stormtime radiation belt enhancement, of up to 1 MeV at L 4, accompanied by low-latitude purple auroral emission We show, via a novel combination of data and modeling, the cause of both phenomena to be direct, mesoscale injections We show the likely cause of these injections to be near-Earth reconnection which produces unusually-depleted entropy bubbles

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.717
Threshold uncertainty score0.602

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.241
Teacher spread0.233 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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