Reminiscent of the pre‐diatom? A hitherto undescribed scaly bolidophyte <i>Lepidoparma frigida</i> gen. et sp. nov. in a new order Lepidoparmales based on morphology, phylogeny, and ecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The class Bolidophyceae, which consists of small phytoplankton distributed worldwide, is the sister group of diatoms. This class has contained only one order, the Parmales, until now. In this study, we established a new order Lepidoparmales Kamakura & S.Sato ord. nov. and a new family Lepidoparmaceae Kamakura & S.Sato fam. nov., within the Bolidophyceae, and described Lepidoparma frigida Kamakura & S.Sato gen. et sp. nov. from the Sea of Okhotsk. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of L. frigida with diatoms and other parmaleans through analysis of its molecular phylogeny, morphology, ultrastructure, ontogeny, distribution, and lipid composition. The cell surface of L. frigida is covered with numerous siliceous scales with radial patterns similar to centric diatom valves; this character distinguishes it from other known parmaleans. Intriguingly, its appearance resembles the hypothesized "pre-diatom," which was proposed to be a precursor to primitive diatoms. The discovery and characterization of L. frigida will provide valuable insights into the evolutionary processes of both diatoms and bolidophytes and shed light on their common ancestor.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".