Suitability of indigenous <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains isolated from spontaneous fermentations as wine fermentation starter cultures in the Okanagan Valley wine region in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Winemaking from grape juice is typically carried out using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) yeast species as a starter culture for ethanolic fermentation. The specific S. cerevisiae strain performing the fermentation plays a key role in shaping the aroma profile of the wine. Commercially available strains of S. cerevisiae improve the reproducibility and predictability of wine by establishing well-controlled fermentations. However, indigenous S. cerevisiae strains may be better acclimated to the conditions of a particular wine producing region and may enhance the sensory properties and characteristic profiles of the wine. This work assesses the oenological performance of S. cerevisiae strains isolated from the Okanagan Valley wine region in Canada in laboratory and pilot-scale fermentations. Six indigenous S. cerevisiae strains isolated from spontaneous fermentations at Okanagan Crush Pad (OCP) winery were selected for this research. Pinot gris and Pinot noir grape juice was used to perform 250 mL lab-scale fermentations carried out at 20 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Primary metabolites were quantified by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) and volatile compounds were quantified by solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Lab-scale Pinot gris wines produced with OCP indigenous strains had higher concentrations of the ester ethyl butanoate (apple, pineapple aroma) than lab-scale wines fermented with a commercial strain. OCP-088 and OCP-125 strains were selected for OCP winery pilot-scale fermentations in 250 L stainless steel barrels with Pinot gris and Pinot noir juice during the 2022 harvest. Both OCP strains persisted throughout the fermentations. Residual sugars were identified in both wines, primarily consisting of fructose at a range of 16-22 g/L and the alcohol by volume of the finished wine ranged from 10.82-11.58 %. Pilot-scale wines produced with OCP-088 and OCP-125 strains had a similar aroma composition, producing an off-dry wine with a desirable fruity aroma bouquet that had a higher concentration of the ester ethyl decanoate (sweet, fruity aroma) than commercial wines fermented in the same vintage. This study indicates that Okanagan indigenous strains ferment wines with desirable aromatic profiles and may be suitable as starter-cultures for producing wine reflective of the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".