Bibliographic record
Abstract
A congenital abnormality most commonly associated with frame overo American Paint horses is termed overo lethal white foal syndrome, lethal white foal syndrome (LWFS), or lethal white overo syndrome, where foals homozygous for a missense Ile118Lys mutation in endothelin-B receptor gene are born completely white with an abnormal intestinal tract. Parents with frame overo phenotype are at higher risk of producing overo lethal white foals; however, some breeds not known for spotted pattern phenotypes have also produced LWFS foals. The neural crest cells of affected foals do not differentiate into melanocytes and enteric neuronal ganglions leading to the phenotypic presentation. As the disease progresses, a lack of neuronal innervation at the intestinal obstruction leads to intestinal rupture, toxicity, and death. No cure for this disease is known. The disease can be prevented through genetic testing of parents whether from overo lineage or not. Other examples of disease models similar to LWFS include Hirschsprung disease and Waardenburg Shah Syndrome in human medicine and piebald lethal in mice and lethal spotting in rats.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".