Coaching in the Special Olympics: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of Resources and the Need for Continued Research in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Special Olympics is a global movement dedicated to promoting inclusion and fostering a sense of community through sports for individuals with intellectual disabilities. In Canada, the organization serves over 42,000 athletes, providing lifelong athletic opportunities from childhood through adulthood. This annotated bibliography examines 34 resources on coaching in the Special Olympics, including peer-reviewed articles and grey literature with a practical focus. It highlights the ongoing nature of Special Olympics programming, which occurs weekly in communities worldwide, contrasting with the perception of it being limited to occasional Olympic events. Research underscores the benefits of Special Olympics participation, while also highlighting the need for coaching resources. Further empirical research is needed to evaluate the impact of coaching interventions and to enhance coach development and athlete experiences within the Canadian context specifically. Continued research is essential for fostering long-term success within the Special Olympics community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.042 | 0.083 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".