EASO Position Statement: Women with Obesity across the Reproductive Life – Fertility, Preconception, Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Breastfeeding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obesity management in women presents distinct challenges across their lifespan. However, there is limited evidence or recommendations focused solely on women living with obesity. Summary: This European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) position statement is based on an expert comprehensive review and summary of the available scientific evidence on women living with obesity. It aims to guide the health and medical assessment of these women during their reproductive life (fertility, preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding). Key Messages: 1. To better diagnose obesity in women beyond BMI, the use of at least one additional anthropometric measure, like waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), is strongly recommended. When available, the use of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is encouraged. 2. Women with obesity should be offered obesity management counseling and psychological support. 3. Obesity can negatively impact fertility; weight loss of 5-10% over 6 months improves fertility. 4. In women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), treatment with metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists or surgery can be considered. 5. Current recommendations for pregestational obesity suggest a gestational weight gain (GWG) of 5-9 kg. Lower GWG targets should be considered, particularly for class II or III obesity. 6. There is limited clinical data on the safety and efficacy of obesity medication during pregnancy or lactation. 7. All pregnant women with obesity should be offered prenatal screening for fetal anomalies, with discussion of the potential limitations of diagnostic tests and additional growth ultrasounds offered on an individual basis. 8. All pregnant women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 should be screened for gestational diabetes in early pregnancy. Measures to prevent preeclampsia should be taken and the need for thromboprophylaxis assessed. 9. Intrapartum fetal surveillance is recommended during active labor. 10. Postpartum weight management is needed to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes for the mother and for subsequent pregnancies. The assessment of appropriate contraceptive methods during the postpartum and breastfeeding period is crucial. .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.021 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".