The influence of nonnative earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Lumbricidae) on oribatid mite communities in a boreal forest stand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nonnative earthworm species are invading the boreal forest in North America. Oribatid mites are key detritivores in boreal forest soils, initiating litter decomposition and maintaining forest floor structure. Earthworms are also detritivores and are considered ecosystem engineers. When introduced into nonendemic environments, earthworms may alter soil biogeochemical cycling and adversely affect oribatid mite communities. However, to our knowledge, no field studies in boreal forests have investigated invasive earthworms and their impacts on oribatid mites. The present study was conducted in a boreal trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michaux (Salicaceae), stand near Wolf Lake, Alberta, Canada. After assessing the current state of earthworm invasion, we identified an area with a lower density of earthworms that was invaded by one species, Dendrobaena octaedra Savigny (Crassiclitellata: Lumbricidae), and an area with a higher density of earthworms that was invaded by multiple species, D. octaedra (Crassiclitellata: Lumbricidae) and Aporrectodea spp. (Crassiclitellata: Lumbricidae). The higher-density area was associated with lower understorey vegetation species richness and with thinner forest floors characterised by higher bulk density but lower total organic carbon and nitrogen stocks. Oribatid mite community composition differed between the two areas, and their richness significantly decreased with higher earthworm density. Our findings suggest that earthworm invasion is substantially disrupting habitat for oribatid mites and might affect the overall boreal ecosystem equilibrium in the long term.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".