Translation as the site of lexical creation and analysis: Internationalisms in the historical queer lexicon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understood broadly as a kind of language contact, translation plays a considerable role both in the construction of internationalized lexis and in our study of it. Translations are often the site of the earliest attested or pivotal use of interlingual lexical transfers (“loanwords”); in the most radical case, actual lexical creation originates within translational practice itself. Renée Balibar’s notion of colingualism offers a compelling alternative to borrowing and translanguaging as a way of explaining internationalisms. Case studies on internationalisms coined in the late nineteenth century (sodomy as ‘bestiality’, sapphism, uranism/uranist) exemplify a lexicological approach to translation analysis that focuses on explaining how the lexical types found in specific translations relate to the larger internal lexical structure of a language. The semantic field of historical queerness is only an example: the translational analytical approach demonstrated here can be applied to the lexicological study of any vocabulary informed by language contact.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.034 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".