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Record W4411570637 · doi:10.1080/21683603.2025.2518176

An exploration of Canadian elementary and secondary teachers’ experiences, perceptions and responses to identity-based bullying

2025· article· en· W4411570637 on OpenAlexaffabout
Karla Dhungana Sainju, Andrew Hall, Wendy Craig, Shelley Hymel

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of School & Educational Psychology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicBullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaOntario Tech University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPerceptionIdentity (music)PsychologyPedagogyMathematics educationArtAesthetics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Identity-based bullying (IBB) is behavior rooted in discrimination, where someone is targeted due to an actual or perceived social identity. Certain identities increase the likelihood of being bullied. Bullying based on discrimination can have detrimental impacts. Teachers can reduce bullying and contribute to a positive school climate, yet there is limited research on teacher experiences with IBB. Utilizing a diverse sample of 1005 Canadian elementary and secondary school teachers, this study explored how frequently teachers witness various forms of IBB; how often students report IBB to them; and teachers’ perceptions and intentions to intervene in response to ethnicity-, academic performance-, weight-, sexual orientation-, race,- and religious-based bullying, through the use of descriptive analyses and two-way ANOVAs. Most teachers have witnessed IBB, and many have received student reports of IBB. Ethnicity, religious, and race-based scenarios garnered greater likelihood of intervention, were perceived as more serious and important to respond to, compared to weight-, sexual orientation-, or academic performance-based bullying. Additionally, responding to religious-based bullying was perceived as more important compared to sexual orientation-based bullying. Analyses for teacher responses found that elementary teachers were more likely to encourage bullies and victims to work together in response to IBB as compared to secondary teachers. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.105
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.047
GPT teacher head0.421
Teacher spread0.374 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueInternational Journal of School & Educational PsychologySame topicBullying, Victimization, and AggressionFrench-language works237,207