Effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts (GbE) on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). STUDY DESIGN: This study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-center randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Patients with senile cataracts randomly received GbE supplement capsules at a dose of 200 mg ( n = 74) or an identical placebo ( n = 70) daily for 6 months after cataract surgery. Patients’ follow-ups were scheduled for up to 3 years after cataract surgery. PCO formation (Pearl/Fibrotic) was graded using slit-lamp examinations. The necessity of a Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy was evaluated by patients’ complaints of reduced visual acuity imputable to PCO. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients with a mean age of 64.92 ± 7.77 years were studied. The mean Log MAR visual acuity in the placebo group started to decrease at 12 months ( P = 0.003) and remained significantly lower than the GbE group throughout 36 months ( P = 0.005). At 1-year postsurgery, a significant difference between the two groups of GbE and Placebo was observed regarding pearl PCO score, but obvious fibrotic PCO score differences occurred 3 years after surgery. The Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed in six eyes (6.1%) for the GbE group and 18 eyes (20.4%) for the placebo group ( P = 0.004) 3 years after the cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: Six months of supplementation with GbE was well tolerated and may provide some marginal prevention in the PCO formation. Besides the effect of the GbE in the inhibition of PCO, we also observed a noticeable reduction in the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".