Antennal Sensilla Morphology and Flagellomere Addition in Nymphs and Adults of Hierodula patellifera Serville, 1839 (Mantodea: Mantidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hierodula patellifera Serville is a predatory insect widely distributed in Asia. To better understand the morphology of the antennae of mantids, the antennal morphology, structure, and distribution of sensilla in nymphs and adults of H. patellifera were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The antennal morphology of nymphs and adults was similar and consisted of the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Seven types and four subtypes of sensilla were identified (sensilla trichodea: StI, StII; sensilla basiconica: Sb; sensilla chaetica: Sc; sensilla coelocapitula: Sco; sensilla campaniformia: ScaI, ScaII; grooved peg sensilla: Sgp; Böhm’s bristle: Bb), and an undefined cuticular structure was observed in nymphs. Based on the external morphology and distributional features of the sensilla, we proposed to divide the adult flagellum into six parts. Furthermore, the length of the antennae gradually increased with the growth of instars, and the most obvious individual growth of antennae occurred from the 5th- to 6th-instar nymphs; sexual dimorphism in antennal length width, and sensilla distribution becomes evident from the 7th instar, and compared to adult females, the adult males presented larger flagellomeres and a large number of grooved peg sensilla. We found that mantid antennae develop through the addition of new flagellomeres at their proximal and secondary division sections, and the similarities and differences were compared with other insects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".