Peri-adolescent bupropion treatment alters adult operant responding and is associated with reduced ΔFosB and thin spine density in the nucleus accumbens in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exposure to pharmacological agents can disrupt brain development, producing maladaptive neurobehavioural output. The reward system is established over a protracted developmental time period which allows for age-specific vulnerabilities to external influence. Bupropion (BUP) inhibits dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) transporters, indirectly increasing synaptic availability of DA and NE. In the current work, short- and long-term effects of BUP treatment during sensitive periods of postnatal development in rats were evaluated to assess reward-related neurobehavioural outcomes. Male and female Long-Evans rats were administered 10 or 20 mg/kg BUP or saline subcutaneously for one week during preadolescence (p18-24) or peri-adolescence (p34-40). Ambulatory activity was assessed during drug treatment and 25 days after treatment. Reward-related outcomes were assessed during a 10-day period starting 2 weeks after the final drug treatment and included operant training, extinction, and progressive ratio tests. Exposure to BUP during preadolescence had minimal effects. Exposure during peri-adolescence resulted in pronounced on-drug psychomotor responses and off-drug stimulus discrimination deficits (i.e., increased incorrect lever pressing) during extinction and progressive ratio tests. Reduced density of thin spines and ΔFosB-labelling in the nucleus accumbens were also observed in the peri-adolescent BUP-treated groups. The behavioural and neural outcomes suggest that BUP treatment disrupted the development of the reward system in an age- and dose-specific manner resulting in impaired stability of response-reward associations in adulthood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".