Exploring the connections between digestion and detoxification in microevolution of insecticide resistance of the tea tortrix moth, <i>Adoxophyes honmai</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While the evolution of insecticide resistance is often assumed to come with a fitness cost, there are instances where insect populations that acquired resistance fail to show an evolutionary cost to maintaining the trait in the absence of insecticide. In comparing two populations of tea tortrix moth, Adoxophyes honmai , we found the absence of a cost of resistance but also noted differences in digestive enzyme gene expression. This raised the possibility that insecticide resistance coevolved with enhanced digestive capabilities, potentially offsetting putative costs of resistance. This study explored gene transcript patterns that may influence how traits manifest spatially and temporally, evaluating potential connections between digestion and the costs of resistance. We found that our resistant larvae had constitutively greater transcript levels of multiple putative digestive genes as well as a marker of resistance, CYP9A170. The putative digestive genes were expressed mostly in the digestive tract, whereas the tissue-specific pattern of CYP9A170 expression was strain-dependent. For most genes, the difference in expression between susceptible and resistant larvae remained consistent throughout development. Interestingly, the expression of an ABC transporter was upregulated in response to tebufenozide exposure, but only in the resistant larvae. A comparison of A. honmai transcriptomes suggests that the majority of differentially expressed genes between populations may not be directly contributing to resistance, but rather microevolutionary variations specific to individual populations. Future studies on fitness costs of resistance should consider other physiological systems and their interactions with direct mechanisms of resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".