Effects of prefabricated and custom foot orthoses on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of individuals with a posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction during stair climbing.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by a progressive flatfoot deformity which negatively impacts health-related quality of life. Custom foot orthoses modify walking biomechanics in individuals with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction, but no studies have investigated their effects on stair climbing biomechanics in this population. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the effects of prefabricated foot orthoses and two models of custom foot orthoses on the biomechanics of individuals with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction during stair climbing. METHODS: Fourteen individuals with painful posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction were recruited to undertake a stair climbing task under four experimental conditions: shoes alone, prefabricated foot orthoses, neutral custom foot orthoses and custom varus foot orthoses with a 5° medial wedge and a 4 mm medial heel skive. Hip, knee, ankle and foot angles and moments were compared between conditions, using one-dimensional statistical non-parametric mapping. FINDINGS: Forefoot dorsiflexion was decreased for neutral custom foot orthoses compared to shoes (P < 0.001). Both custom foot orthoses decreased hindfoot eversion compared to shoes (P < 0.001). Greater ankle eversion moments were observed for both custom foot orthoses compared to shoes (P < 0.001) and prefabricated foot orthoses (neutral custom: P < 0.001). INTERPRETATION: Neutral custom and custom varus foot orthoses seem appropriate to attenuate biomechanical deficits in individuals with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction. Longer-term effects of foot orthoses on lower limb biomechanics and clinical meaningfulness of these changes remain to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".