Changes in glucose metabolism in essential tremor: within and beyond the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The pathophysiology and cerebellar role in essential tremor are not yet fully understood. Previous fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) studies comparing glucose metabolism between essential tremor and healthy participants have led to few and inconsistent results. We aimed to examine changes in brain glucose metabolism in [18F]FDG PET brain imaging in 19 right-handed essential tremor patients and compare them to 19 right-handed healthy participants using a voxel-based mass univariate analysis. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Hospital Depression scale were used as covariates. In addition, the correlation between tremor severity as measured with the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale and brain glucose metabolism in essential tremor patients was assessed. Essential tremor patients showed significantly higher metabolism in the right dentate nucleus and, at a more liberal threshold, lower metabolism in the right parietal cortex. A positive correlation was detected between glucose metabolism in the left paracentral region and tremor severity, again at more liberal thresholding. Beyond the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit, the decreased activity in the right parietal areas in essential tremor patients may indicate that the sensorimotor integration is an important aspect of essential tremor pathophysiology. In conclusion, our findings show altered glucose metabolism within and beyond the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".