A simplified radiosynthetic approach to 18F-labelling BODIPY dyes using indium salts as ideal Lewis acid mediators
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A B S T R A C T Indium salts were used to facilitate 18 F-for- 19 F isotopic exchange in solutions containing meso -methyl- or meso -phenol- bearing BODIPY dyes and dried tetraalkylammonium [ 18 F]fluorides. Aqueous [ 18 F]F - was trapped on cationic quaternary methyl ammonium (QMA) anion exchange sorbent with carbonate anion and extracted using non-basic chloride or triflate. Evaporative concentration of the eluates at 110 0 C resulted in a negligible loss of radioactivity due to [ 18 F]HF generation [80-98% decay-corrected (DC) retention in activity], despite the absence of the basic carbonate and bicarbonate anions that are canonically used to strip [ 18 F]F - from QMA resins. Treatment of the two model BODIPY dyes in either CH 2 Cl 2 or CH 3 CN afforded their 18 F-labelled analogues in DC radiochemical yields of 47-60% after solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification. In addition, [ 18 F]F - elution from anion exchange sorbent and Lewis acid activation were consolidated by employing In(OTf) 3 for both steps, albeit at a cost of increased loss of [ 18 F]HF during the azeotropic evaporation process (3 portions of CH 3 CN; 60±8% DC retention after dry-down). Finally, [ 18 F]BODIPY synthesis could be achieved by simply concentrating the 19 F dyes in CH 3 CN-H 2 O mixtures of In(OTf) 3 -eluted [ 18 F]F - , followed by resolubilization in CH 3 CN and finally C 18 SPE purification. This constitutes a rapid and ultra-simple 18 F-labelling protocol that is amendable to automated synthesis (27-39 % DC radiochemical yields, 50-73 min total synthesis time). In summary, indium salts bring significant improvements to this methodology by overcoming the serious instability and toxicity associated with SnCl 4 . This methodology enables the facile conversion of BODIPY dyes into dual-modal fluorescence and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it