Cluster analysis of carbapenemase-producing organisms in Alberta using a geographic information system
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The international emergence of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) among gram-negative bacteria represents a public health threat. In Canada, CPO rates have been increasing and there is growing concern of CPO reservoirs that may exist outside of hospital settings. The geographic patterns of CPOs were investigated in Alberta, Canada using geographic information systems and spatial analysis was performed to determine the presence of any spatial clusters of CPOs. Methods: Using multiple healthcare data sources, CPO case information identified in the community and healthcare settings were collected. The CPO cases were analyzed using spatial scan statistics to detect any CPO spatial clusters within the province of Alberta. The identified spatial clusters were stratified based on the collected healthcare data from the surveillance management system. Results: Spatial analysis confirmed two CPO spatial clusters, specifically within the municipalities of Edmonton and Calgary. The spatial cluster in southeast Edmonton had 27 CPO cases with a relative risk of 9.06 (p < .001). The spatial cluster in northeast Calgary had 22 CPO cases with a relative risk of 6.24 (p < .001). The NDM gene was the primary gene type in both spatial clusters and there was a higher proportion of cases that had previous history of travel outside of Alberta without healthcare exposure. The Serratia marcescens enzyme gene was observed to have the second highest proportion in all the CPO cases in the province, however, it was not well represented in either spatial cluster. Conclusions: The study confirmed spatial patterns of CPO distribution in Alberta. The findings can direct additional studies and may be used to develop community-specific interventions or strategies to prevent the transmission of CPO in Alberta.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it