The Impact of Target Vessel Diameter on the Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the PROGRESS‐CTO Registry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of target vessel diameter on outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study. AIM: To compare the impact of target vessel diameter on CTO PCI outcomes. METHODS: We examined the association of vessel diameter with clinical, angiographic characteristics, and procedural outcomes of CTO-PCI in a large multicenter registry. The CTO vessels were classified as small (≤ 2.75 mm), medium (2.76-3.00 mm), and large (> 3.00 mm) diameter. RESULTS: Among 13,423 patients who underwent CTO-PCI at 47 centers between 2012 and 2024, the target CTO vessel was small in 4858 (36%), medium in 5393 (40%), and large in 3172 (24%). Compared with patients who had medium and large CTO target vessels, those who had small vessels were older and had a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and peripheral arterial disease. Large target vessel diameter CTOs had more complex angiographic characteristics such as higher J-CTO scores, longer lesion length, and more complex angiographic characteristics. Compared with CTO PCI of small and large vessel patients, medium vessel patients had higher technical (p = 0.008) and procedural (p = 0.010) success. The incidence of perforation was higher in large-diameter vessels. In multivariable logistic regression using restricted cubic spline analysis, a vessel diameter of 2.75-3.00 mm was associated with higher technical (OR 2.05 95% CI 1.12-3.76; p < 0.001) and procedural (OR 2.48 95% CI 1.49-4.13; p < 0.001) success compared with a vessel diameter of less than 2.75 or greater than 3.00 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Large and small CTO target vessels were associated with lower technical and procedural success compared with medium-sized vessels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".