Titanium–Polyoxometalate Crosslinked Metallo–Supramolecular Polymer as Artificial Interfacial Layer for Highly Persistent and Low–Temperature Tolerant Lithium Metal Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The uncontrolled lithium (Li) dendrite growth and fragile native solid electrolyte interphase formation have severely hindered the practical development of Li metal batteries. Herein, a coordinatively cross‐linked metallo‐supramolecular polymer as anodic interfacial protective layer (MSP‐IPL) is developed by utilizing titanium(IV)–polyoxometalates (Ti‐POMs) as hexatopic linkers to bridge organic and inorganic moieties. The constructed MSP‐IPL possesses high electrochemical stability, superior ion‐transfer ability, and good air stability. Due to its high film formation uniformity and mechanical tenacity, the MSP‐IPL can effectively avoid nonuniform Li deposition caused by the tip effect, thus inhibiting Li dendrite proliferation. The uniformly distributed Ti‐POMs in polymer skeleton can efficiently bind with PF 6 − anions, thus increasing Li + transference number and promoting homogeneous Li + distribution. The reprocessability and self‐healing ability endowed by dynamic coordination bonds enable the MSP‐IPL to accommodate electrode volume changes and maintain good interface contact. Consequently, high‐loading Li||LiFePO 4 and Li||LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 batteries based on MSP‐IPL‐coated Li anodes demonstrate impressive cyclability and extraordinary rate capability. Even at a low temperature of −20 °C, the MSP‐IPL‐coated Li||NCM811 batteries can still cycle stably for over 500 cycles (equivalent to 138 days) with a considerable capacity retention of 86.8%. This work presents a promising solution for developing practical low‐temperature Li metal batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".