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Record W4411652698 · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a001012

Papageno Stories Predict Lower Suicide Rates – Analysis of American Feature Films, 1950–2002

2025· article· en· W4411652698 on OpenAlexaff
Steven Stack, Barbara A. Bowman, Mark Sinyor, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler

Bibliographic record

VenueCrisis · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicMedia Influence and Health
Canadian institutionsHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Science Centre
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNarrativeSuicide ratesInclusion (mineral)PsychologyContrast (vision)Multivariate analysisDemographySuicide preventionMultivariate statisticsPoison controlMedicineSocial psychologyStatisticsSociologyMedical emergencyArtLiteratureMathematicsInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract: Background: A majority of research concerning media impacts on suicide has focused on the harmful impacts. In contrast, the present study focuses on positive media impacts, the Papageno effect. The central hypothesis is that the higher the exposure of the public to films portraying a story of a suicidal person who ultimately recovers, the lower the suicide rate. Methodology: Data on suicides per 100,000 were from the US Public Health Service. Seven online film bibliographies were searched to include American films that (1) contained a person initially attempting suicide and then conquering their problems and (2) were in the top 50 at the box office. The number of such portrayals per year comprised the chief independent variable, while adjustments were made for three core theoretical constructs. Results: Sixty-one narratives met the inclusion criteria. An AR-1 Cochrane–Orcutt multivariate analysis showed that controlling for the other predictors, each additional exposure to a Papageno story significantly decreased the suicide rate ( b = −.059, SE = .023, t = −2.51, p = .015). The full model explained 89% of the variance. Limitations: Only half a century was assessed. Conclusion: This is the first analysis linking the yearly frequency of Papageno narratives to a lower national suicide rate.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.068
Threshold uncertainty score0.995

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.306
Teacher spread0.279 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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