Nausea and Gastric Myoelectrical Activity Are Influenced by Hormonal Contraception in Chronic Gastroduodenal Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Chronic gastroduodenal disorders are more prevalent among young women, many of whom are hormonal contraception users. We aimed to evaluate the effects of hormonal contraception on symptom severity and gastric myoelectrical activity in people with chronic gastroduodenal disorders. METHODS: This analysis was conducted on a large international cohort of patients who met Rome IV criteria for chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome or functional dyspepsia and had undergone body surface gastric mapping using Gastric Alimetry. Symptoms were continuously reported on 0-10 Likert scales using a validated symptom logging app. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven people were included: 43 women using hormonal contraception, 30 not using hormonal contraception, 30 postmenopausal women, and 24 men. Hormonal contraception users had higher nausea than nonusers (3.80 [interquartile range 2.00-5.42] vs 2.25 [0.20-4.43]; P < 0.05), particularly when using combined oral contraceptives with hormone-free intervals compared with continuous use (5.20 [4.30-6.00] vs 2.40 [1.70-3.80], P = 0.02). Premenopausal women were more symptomatic than postmenopausal women and men ( P < 0.001). Principal Gastric Frequency was higher in hormonal contraception users (median 3.1 cpm vs 3.00 cpm, P < 0.001) and highest with progestogen-only formulations ( P < 0.02). DISCUSSION: Women with gastroduodenal disorders on hormonal contraception experience increased nausea in comparison with nonusers, with substantial variation dependent on contraceptive type. Hormonal contraception users also demonstrated modified gastric electrophysiology. These results imply that nonhormonal contraceptive alternatives should be trialled as a means to reduce symptoms in gastroduodenal disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".