Frequency of driver oncogenic alterations in NSCLC and estimated indoor radon exposure in Europe (RADON EUROPE study)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Geographical variations in the frequency of oncogenic driver alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are observed worldwide, likely influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Radon, a leading cause of lung cancer in nonsmokers, may influence NSCLC’s molecular profile. Objectives: This study aims to explore the potential correlation between estimated indoor radon concentrations and the frequency of driver alterations in NSCLC across Europe. Design: Ecological study of European countries with available data on indoor radon exposure (estimated mean levels and the proportion (%) of dwellings with concentrations >200 and >400 Bq/m 3 ), and frequency of NSCLC actionable genomic alterations ( EGFR , ALK ) from PubMed articles and meeting abstracts with sample size >100 patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed NSCLC molecular data and radon exposure levels from European countries. Radon data, including the mean and proportion (%) of dwellings with concentrations >200 and >400 Bq/m 3 , were sourced from the European Commission Report 2005. NSCLC molecular alteration frequency ( EGFR , ALK ) was extracted from PubMed articles with sample sizes >100 patients. The correlation between molecular alteration frequencies and country-specific radon data were assessed. Results: Data on radon exposure and EGFR / ALK frequency were available for 21 European countries. Five countries had mean radon levels >100 Bq/m 3 , and eight countries had ⩾3% of dwellings with concentrations >400 Bq/m 3 . The median frequency of EGFR mutations and ALK fusions was 11.3% (range 7%–18.1%) and 4.1% (range 3.4%–12%), respectively. A positive correlation was found between estimated ALK -fusion frequency and the percentage of dwellings with >400 Bq/m 3 ( r = 0.72, p = 0.001). No correlation was found between EGFR mutation frequency and radon exposure. Conclusion: We found a positive correlation between estimated ALK fusion frequency in NSCLC and the proportion of dwellings exceeding 400 Bq/m 3 radon exposure in 21 European countries. Further research is needed to explore the potential influence of radon and other environmental factors on NSCLC with driver alterations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".