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Record W4411683129 · doi:10.1177/15245004251354831

Using Formative Research to Understand Immigrant Settlement in Southern Alberta, Canada

2025· article· en· W4411683129 on OpenAlex
Debra Z. Basil, Kathleen Boniol, Janelle Thea Marietta

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueSocial Marketing Quarterly · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicService and Product Innovation
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Lethbridge
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsImmigrationSettlement (finance)Social marketingPublic relationsPolitical scienceMarketingBusiness

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: Worldwide migration is on the rise due to factors such as political turmoil and natural disasters, as well as personal desires for upward mobility and safety. New immigrants face many challenges throughout their settlement into a new community. As Canada welcomes record numbers of new immigrants, it is important that communities across Canada find ways to support new immigrants. The immigrant settlement experience can be improved by identifying key barriers during the settlement process and implementing social marketing approaches to overcome them. Focus of the Article: This article focuses on identifying key barriers to immigrant settlement in Southern Alberta, Canada, using formative research, to provide a foundation for developing social marketing programs with strategic non-profit partners to facilitate immigrant settlement. Research Question: What challenges do immigrants face when settling in Southern Alberta, and how can social marketing efforts facilitate immigrant settlement? Program Design/Importance of the Social Marketing Field: Social marketing can help connect immigrants to resources during their settlement. In this study, we explore how new immigrants access information during their settlement and what barriers they face throughout their settlement experience. We identify ways that organizations can utilize social marketing to better assist newcomers in their settlement, and discuss the importance of taking a participatory research approach. Methods: This research analyzes survey responses from 77 new immigrants in Southern Alberta, Canada. Surveys were conducted in English, Spanish, and Tagalog, primarily online through Qualtrics' survey platform, augmented by eight hard copy responses. Participants were recruited through word of mouth, local non-profit organizations and government offices, and recruiting at community events. Additionally, interviews were conducted with representatives of an umbrella organization from the greater region that supports immigrant settlement and links settlement service providers. Finally, a community-based participatory research group provided additional insights. Results: The leading reason for respondents to move to Southern Alberta was to be with people they know, such as family, spouse, or friends, followed by educational purposes. Broadly, our results suggest that employment, finances, friends and family, and transportation are the primary concerns faced by immigrants. Loneliness can also hinder satisfactory settlement. Survey and interview results suggest that participants had a relatively low level of awareness and usage of nonprofit and civil society organization services during their initial settlement period. Recommendations for Research or Practice: Well-crafted social marketing programs can aid immigrant settlement. Moving forward, the authorship team is further engaging in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to develop a social marketing program to address priority needs in the community as identified by the CBPR team. CBPR helps to assure program design will meet the needs and resources of relevant stakeholders. We call on academic researchers to engage community members when designing social marketing programs. We encourage organizations offering settlement services to utilize social marketing to increase communication efficiencies and improve the settlement experience for new immigrants. Limitations: This research is formative. It is cross-sectional, thus precluding assessments of causality. Although we provide three data sources, we engage a relatively small number of participants in each.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.544
Threshold uncertainty score0.523

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.039
GPT teacher head0.305
Teacher spread0.266 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it