Effectiveness of adding neuromuscular taping to ultrasound therapy and exercise therapy in increasing physical activity in older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative condition that causes pain, swelling, limited range of motion, reduced leg muscle strength, restricted walking and stair climbing ability, and decreased quality of life. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound therapy, exercise therapy, and neuromuscular taping (NMT) on pain, balance, and physical activity in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. An experimental design was used to compare two groups: a control group of KOA patients receiving ultrasound therapy and exercise, and an intervention group receiving a combination of neuromuscular taping, ultrasound therapy, and exercise. The effectiveness was assessed using core outcome measures: the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), range of motion (ROM), and the timed up and go (TUG) test, measured before and after a 4-week intervention (3 sessions per week) in a sample of 20 participants. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (independent samples t-test) as normality was confirmed (p > 0.05). Results. Both groups showed a significant reduction in pain and improvements in balance and daily function, with superior outcomes in the intervention group (NMT + ultrasound + exercise). In the intervention group, VAS decreased by 2.60 (p < 0.000), WOMAC by 18.00 (p < 0.004), and TUG time by 10.86 seconds (p < 0.004). In the control group, VAS decreased by 3.20 (p < 0.000), WOMAC by 23.40 (p < 0.000), and TUG time by 14.40 seconds (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The combination of ultrasound therapy, exercise, and neuromuscular taping is an effective therapeutic approach for improving pain, balance, and physical activity in older adults with knee osteoarthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".