Identification and Assessment of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Accumulation Among 99 Wheat Varieties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major devastating wheat fungal disease. Mycotoxins act as virulent factor for FHB progression, including deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), and zearalenone (ZEN). To identify resistant germplasm against FHB and mycotoxin accumulation, we evaluated 99 wheat cultivars for FHB severity using point inoculation by three FHB isolates under greenhouse and field conditions. FHB severity of selected varieties evaluated in the fields were correlated with that in greenhouse (p < 0.01). Inoculated spikes from 20 varieties were examined for mycotoxin accumulation, employing an LC-MS/MS method that differentiated five mycotoxins. Five cultivars exhibited resistance to both FHB and mycotoxin accumulation, with FHB severity averaging from 13.36% to 33.37%, and DON accumulation below 2400.0 µg/kg, across various conditions. Seven dominant varieties exhibited moderate resistance to FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. FHB severity was significantly positively correlated with DON accumulation, but negatively correlated to the D3G to DON ratio, across distinct groups of FHB resistance (p < 0.01) after inoculation of three distinct isolates, although no correlation was observed within-group. In the present study, Shannong20, Huaimai20, and Sunlin were identified with resistance to both FHB and mycotoxins with superior agronomic performance, providing promising materials for improving disease resistance in breeding programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".