Comparison of long-term survival for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent bladder preservation therapy and radical cystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective/Purpose: This study aims to compare BPT and RC for long-term survival and quality of life outcomes in MIBC patients. Materials and methods: The study conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020, with search strategy across databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE) used relevant keywords. RCTs, observational studies, and simulation studies were included. Each included study was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies and the Jadad score for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Disagreements between reviewers were resolved by consensus, and inter-rater agreement was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager (RevMan), v5.4. Results: Seven studies (six retrospective cohorts, one RCT) met the inclusion criteria with a total of 25,212 patients. Analysis of four studies evaluating the comparison of BPT and RC showed no statistically significant differences in overall survival rates between the two therapies (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.99–1.31, p = 0.07, I 2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis results showed significant differences in overall mortality (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 0.94–1.42, p = 0.17, I 2 = 9%) and bladder cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.89–1.39, p = 0.34, I 2 = 0%) between the two treatment approaches. Conclusion: Compared to RC, BPT generally demonstrated similar results in terms of survival, local recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival. Treatment decisions should be individualized, considering patient preferences, tumor characteristics, and available resources.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it