<i>Streptococcus suis</i> serotype 5: Emerging zoonotic threat with distinct genomic heterogeneity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a significant pig pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. Serotype 5 is becoming an increasing concern among pigs and humans with S. suis infection worldwide. This study investigated the population structure, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and virulence of serotype 5 population, analyzing 89 isolates, including eight from human cases. The results revealed significant genomic heterogeneity and diverse virulence levels within serotype 5 population. Phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages with notable differences in evolution and genomic traits. Thirty-two representative serotype 5 strains were clustered into four groups: ultra-highly virulent (UV) (n = 1), highly virulent plus (HV+) (n = 4), HV (n = 11), and virulent (V) (n = 16). Virulence levels progressively decreased from the UV group to HV+, HV, and V groups. The UV, HV+, and HV strains induced significantly lethal infection in mice during the early phase of infection. The lethal infection induced by UV and HV+ strains was time-dependent but dose-independent. Ultra-high bacterial loads, excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, and severe organ damage were responsible for the sudden death of mice infected with UV strain at the early phase of infection. The capacity to establish infection, induce excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and elevate biomarkers associated with organ damage varied significantly among HV+ strains. The V strains demonstrated the capacity to induce delayed lethal infection. These findings emphasized the serious public health risk posed by serotype 5 strains. The valuable information for developing effective prevention and control strategies for S. suis serotype 5 infections was provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".