Seismic Response of Pile Group Foundations Under Multi-Story Buildings in Sandy Soil: Shaking Table Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effects of the number of stories on the dynamic behavior of pile group foundations in multi-story buildings.Experimental tests were conducted using a shaking table on a small-scale building model with 4, 6, 8, and 10 stories.These models were designed and fabricated with a consistent weight and a scale ratio of 1:20.The multi-story buildings rest on 3×3 pile groups with an L/D ratio of 16, and are situated within sandy soil exhibiting a relative density of 70%.The shaking table simulated the effects of the Kobe earthquake with a peak acceleration value of 0.82g.The results showed that the vertical displacement (both peak and residual) increases significantly as the number of stories increases.Specifically, when the number of stories increases from 4 to 6, the peak displacement increases by a factor of 3. As the number of stories is increased further to 8 and 10, the peak displacement increases by a factor of 1.9 and 5, respectively.In terms of residual displacement, increasing the number of stories from 4 to 6, 8, and 10 results in an increase by a factor of 17, 5.5, and 33, respectively.These results suggest that even though the weight is constant across all buildings, increasing the number of stories leads to greater building height and flexibility, resulting in increased seismic displacement.Therefore, it is imperative that pile groups are designed to accommodate this augmented movement to maintain foundational stability and ensure structural safety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".