Design and development of leflunomide loaded topical microsponge gel: insights from <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> inflammatory studies
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leflunomide, a frequently used medicament, falls under the category of disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs. The tablets are the only product available in the market which may lead to liver toxicity upon long term use. Being a class II drug, there is a need of some novel formulation for minimizing systemic toxicity of drug without compromising its therapeutic potential. Microsponges possess unique characteristics that makes it a versatile drug delivery carrier. Leflunomide loaded Microsponges were prepared with matrix forming polymer (ethyl cellulose) and stabilizer (poly vinyl alcohol) using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. Two independent parameters, namely concentrations of polymer and stabilizing agent, were examined using a full 32 factorial design to determine their impact on particle size and % entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation showed promising result for particle size (48.96µm) and entrapment efficiency (89.45%) with spherical and tiny pores on surface. The optimized gel exhibited sustained release up to 8 h (91.46 ± 3.84%) with satisfactory results of flux and permeability coefficient. The developed formulation has good anti-inflammatory properties in wistar rats and a histopathology investigation on rats' skin verified its skin compatibility. The stability study showed stable formulation up to the period of three months. These findings demonstrated the potential of microsponges to improve the therapeutic potential of poorly soluble leflunomide.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it