Irreversible electroporation for unresectable liver malignancies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique used for liver tumors that are unresectable due to their proximity to critical structures. This study evaluates outcomes for patients treated with IRE. Methods: We reviewed 19 patients who underwent 22 IRE procedures between July 2015 and February 2024. Tumors were deemed unresectable by a multidisciplinary tumor board because of abutment to hepatic veins or Inferior vena cava (IVC) (n = 10), recurrence near the hilum post-lobectomy (n = 4), portal vein bifurcation involvement (n = 3), or cirrhosis (n = 3). A percutaneous approach was used in 19 of 22 procedures. Results: The median overall survival was 36.8 months (95% CI 28.9, NR). For patients with colorectal liver metastases, median survival was 49 months (46.7, NR). Local recurrence occurred in 7 of 22 cases (32%), with a median recurrence-free survival of 27 months. Complications were rare, with 16/19 (84%) having no 90-day post-procedure complications. Discussion: Our results support IRE as a safe and effective option for managing unresectable liver tumors near critical structures. These outcomes, achieved at a medium-sized center, highlight its feasibility and patient benefits in anatomically challenging cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".