A Linguistic Analysis of Future Perceptions of Parents of Adolescents With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Parents of Pain‐Free Peers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition which typically affects a body extremity and occurs more frequently from the onset of adolescence. Parents of adolescents with chronic pain report uncertainty and fear concerning their adolescent's transition to adulthood. Nonetheless, little is known about how parents of adolescents with CRPS perceive their adolescent's future. METHODS: This study sought to explore the future perceptions of parents of adolescents with CRPS (n = 45) and compare their use of language with a sample of parents of adolescents without chronic pain (n = 50). All participants completed an online story completion task in which they described their imagined future for their adolescent (14-25 years). Responses were coded using a linguistic analysis programme and the significance of group differences was tested using inferential statistics. RESULTS: Parents of adolescents with CRPS used significantly more negative emotion and anger words, and their responses had an overall lower emotional tone score (i.e., were more negative) than parents of pain-free adolescents. Parents of pain-free adolescents used significantly more certainty and friends words. Adolescent age and gender predicted a significant amount of variance in use of family words. No group differences were found for the remaining dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Key differences exist regarding expectations of their adolescent's future between parents of adolescents with and without chronic pain. Given the important contribution of parents to the pain experience of their adolescent, and the influence of parental expectations on future outcomes, interventions should target the future-focused expectations of parents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Parental expectations of their adolescent's future may be impacted by the presence of their adolescent's chronic pain condition. Our findings point to the importance of considering and targeting parental future perceptions in paediatric chronic pain interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".